Calcite (Inventory)
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They can occur singularly; but are usually found in clusters. They can be found lining the insides of [[vug]]s or cavities and cracks but can also occur on the ceiling or walls directly. They formed when the cave was [[phreatic]] and can be obscured by other formations such as flowstone, popcorn, crusts or staining. When looking for nailhead spar, take the time to look into cracks and vugs in the walls, floor and ceiling. And don't forget to examine breakdown -- it may possess a vug containing nailhead spar. | They can occur singularly; but are usually found in clusters. They can be found lining the insides of [[vug]]s or cavities and cracks but can also occur on the ceiling or walls directly. They formed when the cave was [[phreatic]] and can be obscured by other formations such as flowstone, popcorn, crusts or staining. When looking for nailhead spar, take the time to look into cracks and vugs in the walls, floor and ceiling. And don't forget to examine breakdown -- it may possess a vug containing nailhead spar. | ||
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===chenille/pool=== | ===chenille/pool=== | ||
Revision as of 01:38, 19 April 2011
Flowstone
Stalactite
deflected
soda straw
Stalagmite
Column
Popcorn
Bell Canopy
Boxwork
The Boxwork inventory field should be used to list stations which exhibit boxwork. Boxwork is not technically a speleothem but a speleogen. That is, it is not a formation but a residual of dissolution. Boxwork forms when cracks in the bedrock are filled with a mineral which is harder to dissolve than the bedrock itself. When the bedrock dissolves, it leaves the mineral which used to fill the cracks exposed. It often appears on the ceiling but may be present anywhere bedrock is exposed. It may be obscured by secondary formations. Boxwork can appear as small examples or large areas. It often takes on polygonal shapes (usually rectangular) but may be almost any shape. It need not project far from the rock to be considered boxwork. Often it is a different color than the bedrock (usually darker).
Although the field appears in the calcite section of the CCNP Cave Inventory Form, any boxwork no matter its specific mineral content (which may be difficult to identify anyway and is often not calcite) should be listed.
Calcite Coating
A calcite coating is a thin layer of calcite usually over bedrock or breakdown. It is much thinner than a calcite crust.
It is sometimes difficult to differentiate between a calcite coating, an aragonite coating, a gypsum coating, and even moonmilk.
Calcite tends to have square-ish crystals. Gypsum sometimes makes starbursts. Aragonite and moonmilk are both bright white. Aragonite coatings are not an inventory item on the CCNP Cave Inventory Form and should be inventoried as a calcite coating, so there is no need to distinguish between these two.
Sometimes it is difficult to positively differentiate between different coatings in the field without destructive testing.
See also
Calcite Crust
Coral Pipes
Coral Stalagmite
Conulite
Drapery
Drip Pit Lining
Folia
Helictite
antler
beaded
snake dancer
subaqueous
other
Mammillary
Pearl
Cave pearls are small balls of calcite or aragonite that usually form on the floor in shallow pools or depressions. They are formed from constant, steady dripping action causing agitation of a small seed crystal building up layers of calcite. They can occur singularly in depressions in the bedrock but are usually found in nests. Some of the pearls may become cemented into the floor. Cave pearls need not always be round. Sometimes they can have a cylindrical shape. The size varies from very small but rarely gets much larger than a golf ball or small egg. Most are pea to marble sized. Nests of pearls can easily be obscured by mud or silt. Great care should be taken not to disturb them during a survey.
Cave pearls are not to be confused with pisolites.
See also
References
- Palmer, Arthur N. (2007) Cave Geology CAVE BOOKS, Dayton, OH p 280 ISBN-13: 978-0-939748-66-2, ISBN-10: 0-939748-66-5
Pool Finger
Raft
Raft Cone
Rim
Rimstone Dam
Shelfstone
Spar
dogtooth
The dogtooth field should be used to list stations which exhibit dogtooth spar crystals.
Dogtooth spar is a crystaline speleothem usually of calcite. The shape is scalenohedral -- triangular faces. The size can vary from barely discernable to quite large. The color can vary too. Often only one end of the scalenohedron may be visible giving each crystal a pyramid-like shape. Sometimes, both ends of the crystal can be seen forming a kind of faceted football shape. They can occur singularly or in clusters. They can often be found lining the insides of vugs or cavities and cracks but can also occur on the ceiling or walls directly. Since they formed when the cave was phreatic, they can be obscured by other formations such as flowstone, popcorn, crusts or staining. When looking for dogtooth spar, take the time to look into cracks and vugs in the walls, floor and ceiling. And don't forget to examine breakdown -- it may possess a vug containing dogtooth spar. Often when dogtooth spar is found, it can be found at nearby stations, too.
Gallery
 Larger dogtooth spar crystals partially obscured by flowstone, popcorn and staining |
nailhead
The nailhead field should be used to list stations which exhibit nailhead spar.
Nailhead spar typically is "flatter" or more "cubic" than dogtooth spar. The shape is a rhombohedron where each facet is a rhombus. Except for the shape of each crystal (which is really just one of the two primary crystaline shapes of calcite) it has characteristics very similar to dogtooth spar and can be found in similar locations.
They can occur singularly; but are usually found in clusters. They can be found lining the insides of vugs or cavities and cracks but can also occur on the ceiling or walls directly. They formed when the cave was phreatic and can be obscured by other formations such as flowstone, popcorn, crusts or staining. When looking for nailhead spar, take the time to look into cracks and vugs in the walls, floor and ceiling. And don't forget to examine breakdown -- it may possess a vug containing nailhead spar.
chenille/pool
The chenille/pool field should be used to list stations which have pool spar crystals.
Pool spar are well-defined crystals that grew under water. Chenille spar are a subset of pool spar with small spar crystals coating the pool or shelfstone that are almost velvety.
The pool may be dry or still filled with water.
External links
Shield
Splash Ring
Tray
